Question: at which threshold point does abiogenesis (life) occur?
When all necessary circumstances are met.
Question: at which threshold point does abiogenesis (life) occur?
This may be of interest .This need for non-locality is necessary to instantiate individuality not just on Earth while it exists and is viable, but also within the systems and galaxies of this vast Higgs constrained universe, and throughout nature.
This may be of interest .
At first the comprehension that ones’ first person individuality is abstracted, separate, and distinct from the evolution, development, and life of ones’ cells is a tough hurdle for the mind to overcome. Even as it is viewed from various perspectives, and in the absence of clarifying empirical evidence, it requires some time alone in contemplation and a steely objectivity to come to realize the truth of it. However humankind has had this problem before. (POST #15)
Although biology has always been a science of complex systems, complexity itself has only recently acquired the status of a new concept, partly because of the advent of electronic computing and the possibility of simulating complex systems and biological networks using mathematical models (Emmeche, 1997; Alm & Arkin, 2003).
Because complex systems have emergent properties, it should be clear from the preceding discussion that their behaviour cannot be understood or predicted simply by analysing the structure of their components. The constituents of a complex system interact in many ways, including negative feedback and feed-forward control, which lead to dynamic features that cannot be predicted satisfactorily by linear mathematical models that disregard cooperativity and non-additive effects. In view of the complexity of informational pathways and networks, new types of mathematics are required for modelling these systems (Aderem & Smith, 2004).
Galaxies do not evolve from dust;
The LINE hypothesis proposes that UTE’s instantiate galaxoids that typically evolve into galaxies. This places a minimum limit on the initial state (mass, size, gravitation, etc.) of galaxy formation to that of a typical galaxoid. Below this minimum only the central primordial black hole exists, having any possible size. Such primordial black holes that do not form a galaxoid could still rarely, circumstantially seed a new galaxy. After each UTE, galaxoids circumstantially emerge with different accumulations of information as its’ encompassing WOF halo. WOF halos having different masses and densities encompassing a central black hole forms galaxoids that begin their long evolution into galaxies. Hence, because galaxies don’t evolve from dust, galaxies will be observed to have larger than expected initial masses and sizes and will appear more evolved at the earliest observable stages of universal expansion.
Pyrin, encoded by the MEFV gene, is best known for its gain-of-function mutations causing familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), an autoinflammatory disease. Pyrin forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome in response to inactivating modifications of Rho GTPases by various bacterial toxins or effectors.
Pyrin-mediated innate immunity is unique in that it senses bacterial virulence rather than microbial molecules, but its mechanism of activation is unknown. Here we show that Pyrin was phosphorylated in bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells.
In context of the OP question, your missive on pyrine and my search of what pyrine is in the scheme of things
Robert Hazen posits that the current dichotomy between "life is abundant" or "life is extremely rare" is the wrong way of looking at the question.It's worth noting that these assumptions and speculations are not currently proven or disproven by scientific research and it's an open-ended discussion that could lead to many different perspectives and interpretations.
I take this as supporting Hazen's proposition that life (abiogenesis) is likely to have happened or will happen elsewhere in the universe ?Rocky planets with a wider range of elements and molecules emerge far earlier on the cosmic calendar. Life may have the opportunity to instantiate much sooner than is otherwise possible. The implications of galaxies evolving from galaxoids give the cosmological timeline a boost that necessitates reconsidering cosmic evolution in this universe.
If the consciousness of individuals is a quantum process, as I believe it is, then it is not bound by any physical laws, but by the separate laws of the quantum multiverse. It could certainly move to another habitable location elsewhere in that multiverse, IMO.Naturally invasive scenarios such as this don't reveal questions posed by individuals, but questions posed by nature. Such scenarios essentially ask; how could it be otherwise? Such questions reveal their own answers to any species sufficiently developed to comprehend and honestly confront them. The point of this scenario is the inescapable conclusion that each individualized instance of life must involve a non-classical, non-local, relativistically unconstrained, scientifically describable, naturally recurring component. This individualizing phenomenon must exist separately and distinctly from any local physical form and must be definable by some discretely quantifiable property of nature with degrees-of-freedom much greater than that of matter. Such a mechanism may also not be indigenous to this universe but instead is native to the underlying Hilbert-space, or 'Metaverse' if you will. This need for non-locality is necessary to instantiate individuality not just on Earth while it exists and is viable, but also within the systems and galaxies of this vast Higgs constrained universe, and throughout nature.
The only life that has ever existed on Earth is the living cell, in all of its forms. The aspect of being and individuality had by a single living cell is that which defines all life, no more and no less is required. This aspect, which instantiates the first person being of a single cell as a living individual every bit as alive as any multi-cellular creature, is the position of view (POV). All of the skills and talents that tend to distract from this fact are only emergent features of the host form. Beneath it all is ones' POV. In this universe, there isn't one implementation of life for mammalian forms and another for insects, and yet another for vegetation or microbial forms of life. Nature is an efficient system of cause and effect, and life is one holistic effect. It isn't my intention to change anyone's' mind on this topic. Rather, to expose open-minded readers to a new and practical way of thinking about a very old, perhaps the most personal of all ideas known to humankind. The recognition of a unique and scientifically plausible description of how nature governs not only species but the individual, you. There is a very good chance, as is often the case with such invasive ideas about nature that I and everyone who reads this volume would be long gone before either the capability or the courage to prove or disprove the LINE hypothesis is achieved. However, every first step is worth taking.
The natural processes that implement life are the same for the cell as it is for the bacteria as it is for a fruit fly as for a human being. It is folly for us to think we could only experience life in this very temporary, randomly emerged bipedal primate form. Further, your cells and molecules come and go continuously over the course of your lifetime. Nonetheless, you remain you. Then there are the other trillions of living individuals in millions of different forms all around us coming into being and going out of life continuously. I realized that the only form we need to consider in this regard is the single living cell. The answers that are true for the cell are the answers that apply to all life.
Furthermore, you and I and your pet octopus and every living cell are instances of life, each a temporary instantiation of some natural, empirically definable phenomena of nature. This instantiating phenomenon must have the relativistically unconstrained reach to establish individual life (you), biological or perhaps otherwise, on any planet orbiting any star or indeed in any viable environment in the cosmos or in existence where viable hosts may emerge. It is a tragic mistake to feel that this describes something that could not possibly be natural, but must be supernatural. While, as usual, natures' genius is a practical and ubiquitous, even if a bit unfamiliar implementation. There is a phenomenon known to science for some time that meets all of these requirements: Quantum Entanglement (QE). Einstein called it spooky action at a distance. Today we play with it in the lab as a mere tech curiosity. It is the most plausible mechanism by which individuality is universally instantiated.
Agreed.If the consciousness of individuals is a quantum process, as I believe it is, then it is not bound by any physical laws, but by the separate laws of the quantum multiverse. It could certainly move to another habitable location elsewhere in that multiverse, IMO.
I tend to disagree with the introduction of a non-conforming creative or evolutionary process.The point of this scenario is the inescapable conclusion that each individualized instance of life must involve a non-classical, non-local, relativistically unconstrained, scientifically describable, naturally recurring component. This individualizing phenomenon must exist separately and distinctly from any local physical form and must be definable by some discretely quantifiable property of nature with degrees-of-freedom much greater than that of matter.
https://wou.edu/chemistry/courses/o...nic-chemistry-and-biological-molecules/#refs7This text is published under creative commons licensing. For referencing this work, please click here.
7.1 What is Metabolism?
7.2 Common Types of Biological Reactions
7.3 Oxidation and Reduction Reactions and the Production of ATP
7.4 Reaction Spontaneity
7.5 Enzyme-Mediated Reactions
7.6 Introduction to Pharmacology
7.7 Chapter Summary
7.8 References
7.1 What is Metabolism?
Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. We have seen examples of metabolic processes in the primary and secondary metabolites covered in Chapter 6.
Overall, the three main purposes of metabolism are: (1) the conversion of food to energy to run cellular processes; (2) the conversion of food/fuel to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates; and (3) the elimination of waste products. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments.
(The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediate metabolism.)
Metabolic reactions may be categorized as catabolic – the breaking down of compounds (for example, the breaking down of proteins into amino acids during digestion); or anabolic – the building up(synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). Usually, catabolism releases energy, and anabolism consumes energy.
There are several biochemical organisms, such as viruses, that are neither purely chemical, but also not yet quite alive.The distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes was firmly established by the microbiologists Roger Stanier and C. B. van Niel in their 1962 paper The concept of a bacterium[11] (though spelled procaryote and eucaryote there). That paper cites Édouard Chatton's 1937 book Titres et Travaux Scientifiques[12] for using those terms and recognizing the distinction. One reason for this classification was so that what was then often called blue-green algae (now called cyanobacteria) would not be classified as plants but grouped with bacteria.
![]()
Prokaryote - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
How life is implemented within any particular indigenous ecosystem, such as Earth's ecosystem, has particular importance and relevance to the living condition of individuals instantiated by that particular ecosystem. Seeking and expecting to find earth biology that is indigenous to extraterrestrial habitats is a miscomprehension of how life is implemented and evolves in this universe. When, or if, humankind discovers indigenous extraterrestrial life, that life will require a whole new understanding of its hosts' implementation within that unique viable habitat. The one common natural implementation of life in every viable habitat is the instantiation by natural entanglement of a position of view by any viable host form. In this, even the hypothesized entanglement molecule’s (EM) atomic structure is not sacrosanct. However, the function of the EM, by any design, natural or engineered, to instantiate individuality and establish life throughout this universe is indeed sacrosanct.One known reprocuctive complex polymer is the Krebs cycle and if I understand Hazen correctly at this point Darwinian evolution via natural selection becomes important . The cyclical dynamics may pick up random but compatible molecules and the resulting changes may offer a survival advantage in certain environments.