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The age and ultimate fate of the universe can be determined by measuring the Hubble constant today and extrapolating with the observed value of the deceleration parameter, uniquely characterized by values of density parameters (ΩM for matter and ΩΛ for dark energy). A "closed universe" with ΩM > 1 and ΩΛ = 0 comes to an end in a Big Crunch and is considerably younger than its Hubble age. An "open universe" with ΩM ≤ 1 and ΩΛ = 0 expands forever and has an age that is closer to its Hubble age. For the accelerating universe with nonzero ΩΛ that we inhabit, the age of the universe is coincidentally very close to the Hubble age.
The question arises does gravity have a localized force/ mass, Gm > 1, ΩΛ = 0, a closed universe, we come to an end or is it a constant force/mass, Gm < 1, ΩΛ = 0, extends for infinitely. If ΩΛ is equal to non-zero lack of friction, then it would be the inverse of the Higgs boson. It would allow particles to regenerate themselves into new forms or too disintegrate into nothing.
My thought is gravity is finite and the universe is closed. For the simple fact everything from sub particles to large mass objects are spherical in shape.
Would like to hear other thoughts.
The age and ultimate fate of the universe can be determined by measuring the Hubble constant today and extrapolating with the observed value of the deceleration parameter, uniquely characterized by values of density parameters (ΩM for matter and ΩΛ for dark energy). A "closed universe" with ΩM > 1 and ΩΛ = 0 comes to an end in a Big Crunch and is considerably younger than its Hubble age. An "open universe" with ΩM ≤ 1 and ΩΛ = 0 expands forever and has an age that is closer to its Hubble age. For the accelerating universe with nonzero ΩΛ that we inhabit, the age of the universe is coincidentally very close to the Hubble age.
The question arises does gravity have a localized force/ mass, Gm > 1, ΩΛ = 0, a closed universe, we come to an end or is it a constant force/mass, Gm < 1, ΩΛ = 0, extends for infinitely. If ΩΛ is equal to non-zero lack of friction, then it would be the inverse of the Higgs boson. It would allow particles to regenerate themselves into new forms or too disintegrate into nothing.
My thought is gravity is finite and the universe is closed. For the simple fact everything from sub particles to large mass objects are spherical in shape.
Would like to hear other thoughts.