It varies widely, actually!
The "Middle East" is usually considered most of the region between Egypt and Iran (sometimes Libya, Sudan, and Afghanistan are included)
The "Near East" is thought to be Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, and other areas in roughly a semi-circular area around the Mediterranean down to but not including Egypt past the Sinai.
India is located on the Indian subcontinent, which is referred to as the subcontinent as it is mostly situated on the Indian Plate within the continent of Asia.